All radioactive sodium is contained in a single reactor vessel and hence a low probability for release. Sfr is a fast neutron reactor, utilizing sodium as a coolant. Pcrv prestressed concrete reactor vessel pfr prototype fast reactor pirt phenomenon identification and ranking table pnnl pacific northwest national laboratory pvc polyvinyl chloride rpv reactor pressure vessel rss reserve shutdown system sfr sodiumcooled fast reactor sg steam generator sonar sound navigation and ranging system. The first is that all sodium coolant boundary structures have doublewall system. Characterize the nature of sodium interactions with air and water. Progress of thermal hydraulic evaluation methods and.
Primary system boundary is a simple geometry with no vessel wall penetrations. Generation iv reactors research opportunities shripad t. A fast reactor is the most promising future nuclear power plant because of efficient usage of uranium and reduction of radioactive waste. Evaluation of recriticality behavior in the material. Numerical analysis of core thermalhydraulic for sodium.
Sodiumcooled reactor experience sodiumcooled fast reactors have a checkered history. The sfr simulation program should be consistent with a sustainable expenses chronicle for next years. Since many sodiumcooled fast reactors have been built over more than six decades in several countries, it is worth examining that experience to help evaluate the prospects for the twr. Toshiba corporation 4s reactor sodium fast reactor sfr westinghouse electric company thoriumfueled boiling water reactor bwr westinghouse electric company thoriumfueled advanced recycling fast reactor sfr general atomics em2, high temperature gascooled fast reactor gfr. Comparison of sodium and leadcooled fast reactors regarding.
Read online french sodiumcooled fast reactor simulation program book pdf free download link book now. Some of these reactors have been successfully operated and some of them have been plagued by many problems. Provision of safety design criteria for generationiv sodium. Sodium cooled fast reactor technology is suitable for reviving an industrial capability for their construction at home and internationally we have a legacy of sfr design and construction experience no large high pressure components are require except for steam generator watersteam headers.
Revankar school of nuclear engineering, purdue university research workshop. Decommissioning of fast reactors after sodium draining. In particular, a sodium cooled fast reactor sfr has been focused as a new generation of nuclear power plants in korea. Reactor vessel sodium free surface is covered with inert. The main focus of the tm was on the decommissioning of both active loop and reactor components e. A sodiumcooled fast reactor is a fast neutron reactor cooled by liquid sodium the acronym sfr particularly refers to two generation iv reactor proposals, one based on existing lmfr technology using mox fuel, the other based on the metalfueled integral fast reactor several sodiumcooled fast reactors have been built, some still in operation, and others are in planning or under construction. Study on inservice inspection program and inspection. Schematic of pooltype and looptype sodium cooled reactors. When creating the new nuclear navy in the 1950s, thencaptain hyman rickover determined that two types of reactor power plants would be evaluated to power submarines, a water cooled reactor and a molten sodium cooled reactor. Thus, a large knowledge base exists internationally for fast reactor oxide fuels. Provision of safety design criteria for generationiv. Sep 17, 2008 the sodium cooled fast reactor, which is designed in the feasibility study on commercialized fast reactor cycle systems in japan, has two characteristics related to inservice inspection. Sodium as a fast reactor coolant brave new climate. Identify important differences between sodium and other fast reactor coolants leadlbe and helium and why sodium is preferred.
Sodium cooled reactor experience sodium cooled fast reactors have a checkered history. A reactor fuel is generally in the form of pellets. The sodiumcooled fast reactor, which is designed in the feasibility study on commercialized fast reactor cycle systems in japan, has two characteristics related to inservice inspection. This is because direct disposal is known to be economical in the alternatives of nuclear fuel cycle. May 03, 2007 identify important differences between sodium and other fast reactor coolants leadlbe and helium and why sodium is preferred. In a sodium cooled fast reactor, commonly called a liquidmetal reactor lmr, the fuel consists of uranium dioxide or uraniumplutonium dioxide pellets french design or of uraniumplutoniumzirconium metal alloy pins u. Sodiumcooled fast reactor sfr system safety assessment 5 and operated in a number of countries. The isfr is designed based on the korean prototype gen.
Metal fuel is being developed for the prototype generationiv sodium cooled fast reactor pgsfr to be built by 2028. A sodiumcooled fast reactor sfr is one of the generation iv geniv nuclear. Iaea nuclear energy series liquid metal coolants for fast reactors. Additionally, because this type of pump can apply selfcooling using a sodium coolant,2 it does not require a special. Economic viability of metallic sodiumcooled fast reactor. Liquid metal cooled reactors were first adapted for nuclear submarine use but have also been extensively studied for power generation applications. Similarly, a supercritical brayton co 2 cycle is being considered for sodium cooled fast reactors sfr, increasing the thermal efficiency to 45% schulenberg et al. Liquid metal coolants for fast reactors cooled by sodium, lead, and leadbismuth. A liquid metal cooled nuclear reactor, liquid metal fast reactor or lmfr is an advanced type of nuclear reactor where the primary coolant is a liquid metal. For the lead cooled fast reactor lfr, the thermal efficiency is assumed to be 42% corresponding to an improved supercritical steam cycle cinotti, 2004. International atomic energy agency, liquid metal coolants for fast reactors cooled by sodium, lead and leadbismuth eutectic, nuclear energy series no. Taiwo abstract the design and performance characteristics of experimental breeder reactorii ebrii, fast.
The pellets are then encased in metal tubes to form fuel rods, which are arranged into a fuel assembly ready for introduction into a reactor. However, the 4s is not a breeder reactor since blanket fuel, usually consisting of depleted uranium located around the core to absorb leakage neutrons from the core to achieve breeding of fissile materials, is not provided in its basic design. By far the most advanced of the six is the sodiumcooled fast reactor sfr, developed by france, russia and. Advanced fuel assembly for sodium cooled fast reactors.
Metal fuel is being developed for the prototype generationiv sodiumcooled fast reactor pgsfr to be built by 2028. Download french sodiumcooled fast reactor simulation program book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. Japan sodiumcooled fast reactor jsfr is a concept which has potential to achieve sustainable energy production, radioactive waste reduction, safety equal to the future light water reactor lwr and economic competitiveness against other future energy sources. Algorithm detecting co2 a sodiumcooled fast reactor. The earliest information presented herein dates from the early 1970s when the doe hanford site and argonne national laboratory were supporting instrumentation development for sodiumcooled fast reactors sfrs.
The earliest information presented herein dates from the early 1970s when the doe hanford site and argonne national laboratory were supporting instrumentation development for sodium cooled fast reactors sfrs. In a sodiumcooled fast reactor, commonly called a liquidmetal reactor lmr, the fuel consists of uranium dioxide or uraniumplutonium dioxide pellets french design or of uraniumplutoniumzirconium metal alloy pins u. By far the most advanced of the six is the sodium cooled fast reactor sfr, developed by france, russia and china from a concept pioneered in the united states. The first three systems among the six ones are characterised by the fact that they are fast neutron reactors fr. Reactor studies department, nuclear energy division, cea cadarache, 115 st paul lez durance. A comparative physics study for an innovative sodium. In that context, the csni established the task group on advanced reactor experimental facilities taref in 2008 with the objective of providing an overview of facilities suitable for performing safety research relevant to gascooled reactors and sodium fast. The tru inventory requirement for a fast reactor including 23 reloads is of the order of 1015 tonsgwe. Sodiumcooled fast reactors promise to definitely solve the fuel availability problem as they can convert nonfissile isotopes into fissile ones. Department of energy from the early 1960s through the mid 1990s. Sodiumcooled fast reactor an overview sciencedirect topics. Sco2 turbine design for decay heat removal system of. Sfr sodiumcooled fast reactor lfr leadcooled fast reactor gfr gascooled fast reactor minor actinide destruction and plutonium management sustainability and proliferation benefits.
Gascooled fast reactor gfr sodiumcooled fast reactor sfr six gen iv reactors. The bn1200 next generation sodiumcooled fast reactor is developed in accordance with federal target programme a new. Pdf metal fuel development for sodiumcooled fast reactor. Fast reactor sfr system features a fastspectrum, sodiumcooled reactor and a closed fuel cycle for efficient management of actinides and conversion of fertile uranium. Sodium hot pump core cold plenum primary sodium cold hot plenum control rods heat exchanger generator heat sink turbine condenser secondary sodium steam generator pump pump electrical power.
Sodium cooled fast reactors have a checkered history. Experience gained in russia on sodium cooled fast reactors. Sodium fast reactor safety and licensing research plan. Provision of safety design criteria for generationiv sodiumcooled. A sodiumcooled fast reactor is a fast neutron reactor cooled by liquid sodium the acronym sfr particularly refers to two generation iv reactor proposals, one based on existing lmfr technology using mox fuel, the other based on the metalfueled integral fast reactor several sodium cooled fast reactors have been built, some still in operation, and others are in planning or under construction. A sodiumcooled fast reactor is a fast neutron reactor cooled by liquid sodium. A sodiumcooled fast reactor sfr has receiving attention as one of the promising next generation nuclear reactors because it can recycle the spent nuclear fuel produced from the current commercial nuclear reactors and accomplish higher thermal efficiency than the current commercial nuclear reactors.
Sodiumcooled fast reactor design principles and approach ii. Generation iv fast reactors university of cambridge. Sodiumcooled fast reactor design, safety analysis and licensing were central themes of reactor development for the u. The first nuclear power reactor of this kind was the ebri at the idaho national laboratory inl in the usa 1. Understand how differences between sodium and water result in broad design differences between a sodiumcooled fast reactor sfr and a. Japan sodium cooled fast reactor jsfr is a concept which has potential to achieve sustainable energy production, radioactive waste reduction, safety equal to the future light water reactor lwr and economic competitiveness against other future energy sources.
However, the 4s is not a breeder reactor since blanket fuel, usually consisting of depleted uranium located around the core to absorb leakage neutrons from the core to achieve breeding of. In metal fueled sodium cooled fast reactors, a solid cylindrical metal fuel slug is. Similarly, a supercritical brayton co 2 cycle is being considered for sodiumcooled fast reactors sfr, increasing the. Introduction in the framework of the generationiv international forum gif, much effort has been devoted. Sodium cooled fast reactors promise to definitely solve the fuel availability problem as they can convert nonfissile isotopes into fissile ones. Liquid metal coolants for fast reactors cooled by sodium. Understand how differences between sodium and water result in broad design differences between a sodium cooled fast reactor sfr and a.
In that context, the csni established the task group on advanced reactor experimental facilities taref in 2008 with the objective of providing an overview of facilities suitable for performing safety research relevant to gas cooled reactors and sodium fast reactors. Since many sodium cooled fast reactors have been built over more than six decades in several countries, it is worth examining that experience to help evaluate the prospects for the twr. Experience gained in russia on sodium cooled fast reactors and prospects of their further development o. Uzr fuel is a driver for the initial core of pgsfr, and utruzr fuel will.
Survey of sodiumcooled fast reactor fuel handling systems for relevant design and operating characteristics by j. French sodiumcooled fast reactor simulation program. Sodiumcooled fast reactor an overview sciencedirect. Some have operated well, while others have done poorly. Fast reactor sfr system features a fast spectrum, sodium cooled reactor and a closed fuel cycle for efficient management of actinides and conversion of fertile uranium.
Liquid metal cooled reactors were first adapted for nuclear submarine use but have also been extensively studied for power generation applications metal coolants remove heat more rapidly and allow much higher power density. Numerical analysis of core thermalhydraulic for sodium cooled fast reactors alain conti1, antoine gerschenfeld2, yannick gorsse2, 1. Experimental facilities for sodium fast reactor safety studies. Sodiumcooled fast reactor design principles and approach ii seminar at kaist april 24, 20. An advanced sodiumcooled fast reactor core concept. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Numerical analysis of core thermalhydraulic for sodiumcooled fast reactors alain conti1, antoine gerschenfeld2, yannick gorsse2, 1. Jaea has selected the advanced looptype fast reactor, socalled japan sodium cooled fast reactor jsfr 1. Generationiv sodiumcooled fast reactor system implementation sodiumcooled fast reactors design and operating experience accumulated in russia confirms technology maturity and ability for developing bn1200 as sodiumcooled fast reactor design for serial construction bn1200 reactor design safety provisions due to optimal. This paper investigates the use of enrichment and moderator zoning methods for optimizing the rz power distribution within sodium cooled fast reactors. Additionally, because this type of pump can apply selfcooling using a sodium coolant,2 it. For the leadcooled fast reactor lfr, the thermal efficiency is assumed to be 42% corresponding to an improved supercritical steam cycle cinotti, 2004. The acronym sfr particularly refers to two generation iv reactor proposals, one.
Fast reactor sfr system features a fastspectrum, sodiumcooled reactor and a closed fuel. A sodium cooled fast reactor is a fast neutron reactor cooled by liquid sodium the acronym sfr particularly refers to two generation iv reactor proposals, one based on existing lmfr technology using mox fuel, the other based on the metalfueled integral fast reactor. The original vision for each fuel type was to start the first fast reactors with uraniumbased fuel and then reprocess the fuel and blanket with a transition to a mixed oxide core. This type of reactor is being developed only by some countries.
An accelerated development of the latter is possible. Hideki kamide, sodium fast reactor internaonal workshop on advanced reactor systems and future energy market. Generationiv sodium cooled fast reactor system implementation sodium cooled fast reactors design and operating experience accumulated in russia confirms technology maturity and ability for developing bn1200 as sodium cooled fast reactor design for serial construction bn1200 reactor design safety provisions due to optimal. The most recent commercial demonstration reactors belong in the latter category. The geniv reactors are particularly categorized to achieve a number of design goals. In this paper, two fast reactor systems are discussed the sodiumcooled fast reactor, which has already been built and can be further improved, and the leadcooled fast reactor that could be developed relatively soon. French sodiumcooled fast reactor simulation program pdf. Reactor studies department, nuclear energy division, cea cadarache, 115 st paul lez durance, france 2. Design concept of advanced sodiumcooled fast reactor and.